Using Correlation Analysis to Understand Variable Relationships

Assume the role of a data analyst and guide me through the process of using correlation coefficients to evaluate relationships between variables in a dataset. Explain the steps to calculate correlation coefficients, interpret the results, and determine the strength and direction of these relationships. Include examples of different types of correlation (e.g., positive, negative, zero) and how to visualize these using graphs or charts. Additionally, provide guidance on writing queries to extract necessary data and summarize key findings in a report for a non-technical audience.